Laparoscopy, which means 'side, side' and see (scopio), which means 'look') means small incisions in the abdomen or waist (usually 0.5 to 1.5 cm). The laparoscope can help in diagnostic or therapeutic interventions with a few small incisions in the abdomen.

Laparoscopic surgery, also known as minimally invasive surgery (MIS), band surgery, or keyhole surgery, is an advanced surgical technique. The most common open procedure for a laparoscopic surgery patient has several benefits. Pain is reduced due to smaller incisions, less bleeding, and shorter recovery time.

The key is to use a laparoscope, a long fiber optic cable system that allows you to see the affected area by cutting the cable from a greater distance.Laparoscopic surgery involves operations in the abdominal or pelvic cavity, while keyhole surgery of the thoracic or thoracic cavity is called thoracoscopic surgery. Specific surgical instruments used in laparoscopic surgery include maternity forceps, scissors, probes, dissectors, hooks, and retractors.

Laparoscopic and thoracoscopic surgery belong to a broad field of endoscopy. The first laparoscopic procedure was performed in 1901 by the German surgeon George Kelling.

When is laparoscopy used?

Laparoscopy is used to diagnose conditions or to perform surgery in the abdominal and pelvic area. It can be used to:

• Estimate painful or heavy periods
• Remove the uterus, fallopian tubes, or ovaries.
• Diagnosis or treatment of endometriosis.
• Remove parts of the gallbladder or intestine.
• Take a biopsy (small sample of tissue) for analysis.
• Look for causes of abdominal or pelvic pain
• Confirm or remove ovarian cysts and tumors
• Assess female infertility
• Treatment of ectopic pregnancy

After the procedure:

When you wake up from the procedure, the cuts may feel a bit sore. You may also feel some pain in your shoulder, which is caused by the pressure that comes from the gas in your abdomen.

After a few hours of recovery, you will likely be sent home with care instructions, including pain relievers and stitches.

Laparoscopy complications:

As with any surgery, laparoscopy can have complications such as:

• Bleeding from incisions
• Infection
• Damage to an organ or blood vessel
• Blood clots in the legs or lungs.

As with any operation, there is a small risk of complications associated with general anesthesia.

Tell the hospital or your doctor right away if you have:

• Pain does not get worse or better
• The pain in your shoulders will increase
• Pain or other problems when urinating
• Increasing or unstable bleeding
• Fever
• You feel like you are not recovering quickly
• Other symptoms that may concern you

What are the risks of laparoscopy?

The most common risks associated with laparoscopy are bleeding, infection, and damage to the abdominal organs. However, these are rare cases.

After your procedure, it is important to look for signs of infection. See your doctor if you experience:

• Fever or cold
• Abdominal pain becomes more severe over time.
• Redness, swelling, bleeding, or drainage at the incision site.
• Persistent nausea or vomiting
• Persistent cough
• Difficulty breathing
• Inability to urinate
• Mild headache

There is a small risk to the organs examined during laparoscopy. Blood and other fluids can leak into your body if an organ is punctured. In this case, you will need another surgery to repair the damage.

Less common risks:

• Problems in general anesthesia.
• Inflammation of the abdominal wall.
• The lyrics of the song, which can be found in the pelvis, legs or lungs.

In some cases, your surgeon may believe that the risk of diagnostic laparoscopy is too high to confirm the benefits of using the minimally invasive technique. This condition often occurs in people who have undergone abdominal surgeries, increasing the risk of adhesions between structures in the abdomen. Laparoscopy in the presence of adhesions can be time consuming and increases the risk of organ injury.

Benefits

Working in this way has many benefits compared to traditional surgery. Because it has less cut:

• You have small spots.
• You will be discharged from the hospital quickly.
• You feel less pain when scars heal and heal faster.
• You will quickly return to your normal activities.
• You may have fewer internal scars.

Here is an example. With traditional methods, you can spend a week or more in the hospital for bowel surgery, and your full recovery can take 4-8 weeks. If you have laparoscopic surgery, you can stay in the hospital for just 2 nights and recover in 2 to 3 weeks. And less hospitalization usually costs less.

Safety

Laparoscopy is a common procedure, and serious complications are very rare.

Minor complications

Minor complications are estimated to occur in 1 to 2 out of 100 cases after laparoscopy. Among them are:

• Infection
• Light bleeding and bruising around the incision.
• Feeling sick and vomiting

Serious complications

Serious complications after laparoscopy are estimated to occur in 1 in 1000 cases. Among them are:

• Damage to an organ such as the intestines or bladder, which can lead to loss of organ function
• Damage to the main artery
• Problems caused by the use of carbon dioxide during the process, such as gas bubbles entering your veins or arteries.
• Acute allergic reaction to common anesthetic
• A blood clot in a vein, usually in one of the legs (deep vein thrombosis or DVT), can rupture and block blood flow to one of the blood vessels in the lungs (pulmonary embolism).

More surgery is often needed to treat these very serious problems.

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